Prevent the Dengue Mosquito From Breeding

Below article on how to prevent the dengue mosquito from breeding.

The Aedes aegypti, commonly called yellow fever mosquito, dengue and causes the most deadly infection, dengue hemorrhagic fever. Materialize dengue fever, dengue hemorrhagic fever as first signs, headache, nausea, vomiting and muscle pain. Stages of infection are able to lead by the nose and mouth, drowsiness and shock from bleeding to death. To prevent the breeding success of Aedes aegypti women, should be apartments, which are conducive to the reproduction is completed. The eggs can develop around your home, usually in containers of water. It can grow up to 10 days for larvae to adults.

#1

Overturn containers that collect water, as recommended by the National Environment Agency. Avoid allowing water to accumulate in outdoor containers.

# 2
Kill larvae before they become adults.
Use BTI Briquets for outdoor applications to kill mosquito larvae, recommends the Armed Forces Pest Management Board. The briquets contain Bacillus thuringiensis, an incecticide. Place the BTI Briquets in bird baths, ponds and other areas where water can't be changed on a daily basis.

# 3
Avoid stagnant water in your flowering pots.

Clean the water in your flower pots. Avoid letting the water stagnate, to prevent the female from laying her eggs. Occasionally stir the soil in your plotted plants to keep water from sitting on the surface. Cleanse any flower pot plates with a scrub brush to remove any potential eggs.

# 4
Don't develop breeding grounds.

Clear debris from your roof gutters. Leaves and twigs in your gutter can allow water to accumulate, creating an optimal breeding ground for the female.

# 5
Remove sources of breeding grounds.

Remove any clutter than can hold water, says The University of Kentucky College of Agriculture. Items can include buckets and tires.

# 6
Take precaution indoors.

Change the water in your vases daily. Rinse the roots of your flowers underneath running water to remove eggs. Wash the inside of your vase thoroughly after use.

Mosquito Semen Fighting Dengue

Below article about fighting dengue with mosquito semen.

Arthropods is the provision of critical peaks rising Patogen animal people. A group of major vector is the mosquito that there are over 3,000 species. However, during the life cycle of mosquitoes feed on the blood of other animals - to create great opportunities for direct transfer manymicrobial species. From there, the bacteria / virus / worm infections can begin a new host, then, after another blood feed can transmit the pathogen to uninfected insects. This allows a certain lifestyle for the development of strategies to control pathogens to disrupt the vector species. If we remove or block vectors, we can prevent the spread of pathogens they carry.

Another group of mosquito-borne pathogens are the closely related - but distinct - dengue viruses (DENV). DENV is commonly responsible for a 'flu-like- illness' in humans but complications may include a potentially fatal hemorrhagic fever. The incidence is mainly constrained to tropical and sub-tropical areas although in recent decades it has spread to other areas where it may cause massive epidemics. The World Health Organisation states that, "Some 2.5 billion people – two fifths of the world's population – are now at risk from dengue. WHO currently estimates there may be 50 million dengue infections worldwide every year." There is currently no commercially licensed vaccine or antivirals available for the treatment of dengue leaving the only option to prevent transmission through control of mosquito populations.

The most important vector species is the predominantly urban species Aedes aegypti - control of which may aid DENV eradication. There are a number of potential strategies that could be employed to reduce the numbers of this species including chemical poisoning, genetic strategies and biological control. A major goal is therefore to inhibit mosquito reproduction and feeding behaviour yet this requires intimate knowledge of mosquito reproductive biology. Insects communicate via a number of chemical signals, one mode of communication is via the males ejaculate -what happens to be a convenient opportunity to control a females behaviour. A mated female is behaviourally very different to an unmated one and there is evidence suggesting that this change is initiated by the transfer of male-derived signaling proteins during mating. It may then prove to be useful to identify some of these molecules so as to possibly control mosquito behaviour ourselves.

What is so good about male semen?

Sirot et al recently report, using proteomic analysis, the identificantion of a number of proteins, termed seminal fluid proteins (Spfs) transferred from males (with labelled proteins) to females (non-labelled proteins) during mating. Of which some may be responsible for the male control over female post-reproductive behaviour; this they say, lays the groundwork for future studies investigating the molecular mechanisms behind how they work and their potential use in controlling vector populations. However, care must be taken in interpreting these results as this study does not directly look at the biological effects of these proteins and does not prove that they do have any effect on female behaviour.

Controlling Dengue Disease

Today's article about controlling dengue disease.

Enshrouded in the sex life of a mosquito is a world of intricacies that may reveal the key to controlling diseases such West Nile virus and dengue fever.

Researchers at Cornell University have uncovered a chemical ballet that takes place between aedes aegypti mosquitoes during sex. The study, published today in the open-access journal PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, found that more than 100 proteins in male sperm permanently alter a female’s tendencies to feed, produce eggs and mate.

The paper’s lead author, Laura Sirot, a research associate at Cornell, did the work in the labs of co-authors Mariana Wolfner, professor of molecular biology and genetics, and Laura Harrington, associate professor of entomology. Sirot, now a assistant professor at the College of Wooster in Wooster, Ohio, also worked with José Ribeiro at the National Institutes of Health.

While previous research by this team identified some reproductive proteins produced in male mosquitoes, “this is the first study to identify the male proteins that are actually transferred to the female” during mating, said Wolfner.

By isolating these proteins, researchers said they may one day develop a birth control approach for female mosquitoes that spread the dengue, yellow fever and West Nile viruses. There is currently no effective treatment for dengue fever, a potentially lethal infection that affects millions of people each year.

The researchers found 93 seminal fluid proteins and 52 sperm proteins in the females. Eventually, researchers might be able to use these proteins to develop innovative mosquito control strategies, such as reducing egg production and curbing the female’s appetite for blood, which could ultimately reduce the spread of mosquito-borne, life-threatening illnesses.

“This is an exciting new avenue for identifying ultimate targets to reduce mosquito vector populations,” said Harrington. “Ultimately, we plan to select the most promising candidate proteins as chemical targets or as a focus for the development of other methods for vector control.”

Next, the team will determine which proteins have major effects on the female’s physiology. In the lab, they plan to generate mosquitoes that fail to make each of these proteins, mate those males with females and observe whether the females’ responses are perturbed.

“By distinguishing between male-derived and female-derived proteins within the female reproductive tract, we can begin to determine which male-derived proteins affect the behavior and physiology of the females, and how they do it,” said Sirot, now an assistant professor of biology at the College of Wooster.

The study was funded by the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases within the National Institutes of Health, and from Hatch funds to Harrington and Wolfner.

Fighting Dengue by Using Lab Mosquitoes

Above about Malaysia to use lab mosquitoes for fighting dengue. Try product from the bottom of this blog under sponsor links.

Government authorities said Monday, Malaysia could be the first Asian country to use genetically modified mosquitoes for fighting the rise in dengue fever.

The programmed will see the release of genetically engineered male mosquitoes into the wild. The insects in the study have been engineered so that their offspring quickly die, which will help curb the increasing mosquito population, in a technique researchers hope could eventually eradicate the dengue mosquito altogether.

Laboratory test trials have made the Malaysian scientists optimistic.

The female of the Aedes aegypti mosquito that is quite common in Asia and Latin America is responsible for spreading dengue fever, whose symptoms include high fever, joint pains and nausea. There is no known cure or vaccine for the fever, which can lead to internal bleeding, circulatory shut-down, liver enlargement and even death in severe cases.

Efforts urging Malaysians to keep neighborhoods clean and destroy stagnant sources of water that are potential breeding grounds for mosquitoes, have failed and more innovation ways are needed for fighting dengue.

According to Health Ministry statistics, between January and early October, the number of dengue related deaths in Malaysia reached a total of 117, a 65% increase from last year. Overall, dengue infections increased 17% from last year to over 37,000 cases.

Lim Chua Leng, a Health Ministry official said, in the first experiment of its kind in Asia, Malaysian authorities plan to release between 2,000 and 3,000 genetically modified mosquitoes in two areas, after Cabinet approval has been received.

However, environmentalists are concerned the GM mosquito could fail to prevent dengue and also have unintended consequences.

Critics say the larvae will only die if their environment is free of tetracycline, an antibiotic commonly used for medical and veterinary purposes.

Effective Cure Dengue with Papaya

Here about cure dengue.

While researchers believe tawa-tawa leaves (also called gatas-gatas leaves) can be effective to cure dengue fever, new study claims Papaya leaves help dengue fever patients recover from their illness.

According to study done by Dr. Sanath Hettige in Sri Lanka, papaya leaf juice helps increase white blood cells and platelets, normalizes clotting in blood, and repairs the liver. These things are mainly affected by the dengue fever.

The study conducted on 70 dengue fever patients suggests that patient affected by Dengue should consume the papaya leaf juice in the first stage of the disease to get cured.

However, the Papaya leaf juice is not effective in the last stages of the dengue fever, because the organs in the patient are badly affected by the disease.

What is Dengue Fever

Let’s talk about dengue fever.

“Dengue is the most common vector-borne viral disease in the world, causing an estimated 50–100 million infections and 25,000 deaths each year (1). During 1946–1980, no cases of dengue acquired in the continental United States were reported. Since 1980, a few locally acquired U.S. cases have been confirmed along the Texas-Mexico border, temporally associated with large outbreaks in neighboring Mexican cities (2–4). On September 1, 2009, a New York physician notified the Monroe County (Florida) Health Department (MCHD) and the Florida Department of Health (FDOH) of a suspected dengue case in a New York state resident whose only recent travel was to Key West, Florida. CDC confirmed the diagnosis, and a press release was issued to notify the public and Key West physicians of the potential risk for locally acquired dengue infections. In the next 2 weeks, two dengue infections in Key West residents without recent travel were reported and confirmed. Subsequently, enhanced and active surveillance identified 24 more Key West cases during 2009. On April 13, 2010, another Key West dengue case was reported to FDOH, bringing the total to 28.”

Symptoms of dengue include:

• fever
• severe headache
• pain behind the eyes
• joint and muscle pain
• rash
• nausea/vomiting
• hemorrhagic (bleeding) manifestations

Usually dengue fever causes a mild illness, but it can be severe and lead to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), which can be fatal if not treated. People who have had dengue fever before are more at risk of getting DHF.

Dengue treatment

 

Above about dengue treatment.

The mainstay of treatment is timely supportive therapy to tackle shock due to haemoconcentration and bleeding. Close monitoring of vital signs in critical period (between day 2 to day 7 of fever) is vital. Increased oral fluid intake is recommended to prevent dehydration. Supplementation with intravenous fluids may be necessary to prevent dehydration and significant concentration of the blood if the patient is unable to maintain oral intake. A platelet transfusion is indicated in rare cases if the platelet level drops significantly (below 20,000) or if there is significant bleeding. The presence of melena may indicate internal gastrointestinal bleeding requiring platelet and/or red blood cell transfusion.

Aspirin and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be avoided as these drugs may worsen the bleeding tendency associated with some of these infections. Patients may receive paracetamol preparations to deal with these symptoms if dengue is suspected.^[8]

Traditional and emerging treatments

Emerging evidence suggests that mycophenolic acid and ribavirin inhibit dengue replication. Initial experiments showed a fivefold increase in defective viral RNA production by cells treated with each drug.^[9] In vivo studies, however, have not yet been done. Unlike HIV therapy, lack of adequate global interest and funding greatly hampers the development of treatment regime.

In Brazilian traditional medicine, dengue is treated with cat's claw herb, which is for inflammation and does not prevent dengue.^[10]

In Malaysia, dengue is treated by some using natural medicine. Mas Amirtha and Semalu developed by the Alternative Medicine Research Institute, Center for Asia.^{[citation needed]} The treatment is speculated to be able to arrest and reverse the viral infection and prevent the disease from advancing into a critical stage, though no evidence has yet shown effectiveness. In Philippines dengue patients use tawa-tawa herbs and sweet-potato-tops juice to increase the platelets counts and revived the patients.